Building and Databases: the SEED Experience

We describe the database requirements of SEED (Software Environment to Support the Early Phases in Building Design). The requirements are typical for a database that intends to support a heterogeneous design support environment consisting of independent software modules with diverse internal design models, requirements not met by any commercial database system. The design and implementation of this database is an integral part of the overall software engineering effort. We describe the SEED approach that integrates external and in-house software based on a shared information model specified in the modeling language SPROUT, which allows for the specification of domains, and classes, relationship types and their behavior, and multiple classifications. The SPROUT run-time system organizes and coordinates the communication between the software modules and the databas

BerryMeat - sammendrag af virksomhedernes udviklingsforløb for de nye kødprodukter

Short description of the Development Work carried out by the two Companies in the project. The description leads to the final two product being included in the final consumer acceptance test and the recipes and the manufacturing proces confidential)

Использование грейдинга в медиасфере

С помощью метода грейдинга разработана технология построения системы управления персоналом в медиасфере. Разработаны семь основных критериев для оценки должностей: навыки, образование, руководство, ответственность, вклад в результат (цена ошибки), коммуникационные навыки, вклад в обслуживание клиента. Предложена матрица грейдов и сетка окладов для организации. Показаны трудности внедрения системы грейдов

Ash formation and deposition in coal and biomass fired combustion systems: Progress and challenges in the field of ash particle sticking and rebound behavior

The purpose of this paper is to review the present knowledge on ash formation, ash particle transport and deposition during solid fuel combustion, with emphasis on particle sticking and rebound behavior. A substantial part of the fuel can be inorganic, forming inorganic vapors and ash particles. The impaction of solid, molten or partially molten particles on surfaces is dependent on the particle and surface characteristics. For instance, a particulate deposit might capture incoming particles or be removed due to erosion, while a molten layer will collect all impacting particles, no matter if they are sticky or not. The main properties affecting the particle stickiness are the viscosity and surface tension for silicate-rich ashes. On the contrary, the stickiness of salt-rich ashes – typical for herbaceous biomass and wood- or waste-based fuels – is often described using the liquid melt fraction. Furthermore, the particle kinetic energy and the angle of impaction, are crucial parameters. If all kinetic energy is dissipated during the impact, the particle will remain on the surface. This review presents an overview of major ash forming elements found in biomass and coal, and discusses the heterogeneity of particles’ inorganic composition. Ash transport and deposition mechanisms as well as their mathematical description are given and discussed, together with composition- and temperature-depended models for the estimation of ash particle and deposit properties. These properties are essential in order to describe the particle sticking and rebound behavior. Ash particle sticking and rebound criteria can be divided into three main groups, based on either: (1) the particle melt fraction, (2) the particle viscosity, or (3) the energy dissipation of a particle, upon impaction. Sticking criteria are presented, their required parameters are discussed and typical particle and surface properties found in combustion systems, are summarized. Eight different sticking criteria are implemented in a computational fluid dynamics code and computations are compared against measurements from an entrained flow reactor. Uniform sized soda-lime glass particles are applied instead of inhomogeneous fly ash particles, since soda-lime glass is known to behave similar to coal fly ash. Best agreement for the deposition rates on a clean tube is achieved using a criterion based on the work of Srinivasachar et al. [1]. In this model, the sticking and rebound threshold, is a function of the particle kinetic energy, the angle of impaction, and, the particle viscosity. Particularly, the particle viscosity is confirmed as a key parameter for silicate-rich ashes. It should be calculated using temperature- and composition-dependent correlations, being aware that there is a significant scattering in the results from such models and that the models are often only valid in narrow compositional ranges, and cannot be used outside these. A mechanistic model is used to explain results from glass particle experiments and their dependence on the particle kinetic energy. Therefore, the impaction process is subdivided in four steps, and the energy dissipation of each step is calculated. These theoretical considerations show that the contact angle of a molten droplet with the substrate is of minor importance, and that the majority of depositing particles are dominated by the work of deformation against viscosity, rather than surface tension effects. This review underlines the importance of the particle viscosity, and its accurate prediction for silicate-rich ashes. The proposed criterion is able to predict the sticking of small, solid particles below 10 µm diameter, as it is often observed in literature. Also, it is crucial to consider the surface structure and stickiness, in order to predict deposition rates in solid fuel-fired systems. Biomass ashes and their stickiness are more difficult, due to a different ash particle chemistry, compared to coal ashes. Salt-rich particles and their stickiness are controlled by the amount of liquid phase. Here, a link between the viscosity and amount of liquid phase is a promising approach, and should be addressed in future work. Furthermore, the viscosity of different ash particles – silicate-, salt- or Ca-rich – should preferentially be modeled from the chemical and physical structure instead of an empirical fitting procedure between fuel chemistry and viscosity measurements

Computer-generated preliminary design of room and corridor arrangements under geometric constraints.

Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Architecture. Thesis. 1972. M.Arch.Bibliography: leaf 64.M.Arch

Wissen und Streiten in der Aufklärungsepoche: Ein neues Akademieprojekt in Leipzig

Seit 2011 widmet sich eine Arbeitsstelle der Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen an der Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig der Erschließung der breiten Tradition gelehrter Zeitschriften des 18. Jahrhunderts. Das bis 2025 laufende Langfristprojekt (eine andere Arbeitsstelle befindet sich an der Bayerischen Staatsbibliothek München) will die Beiträge erfassen und zugleich die konkreten Effekte der publizistisch-öffentlichen Diskussion herausstellen. Ein Datenbankportal wird Artikel, Rezensionen und gelehrte Nachrichten aus rund 128 Zeitschriften des 18. Jahrhunderts detailliert recherchierbar machen. Für Fragen einer allgemeinen Wissenstopographie und Wissensvernetzung des 18. Jahrhunderts ist das Projekt ebenso bedeutend wie für die Rezeptionsgeschichte einzelner Werke sowie für die Entwicklung gesellschaftlicher Debatten

Design and Implementation of a Thermoelectric Cooling Solution for a CCD-based NUV Spectrograph

The Colorado Ultraviolet Transit Experiment (CUTE) is a 6U CubeSat designed to obtain transit spectra of more than ten close-orbiting exoplanets. To this end, CUTE houses a near-ultraviolet (~250 – 330 nm) spectrograph based around a novel rectangular Cassegrain telescope; the spectrograph sensor is an off-the-shelf Teledyne e2v CCD. To achieve desired spectral signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), dark current is reduced by cooling the CCD to a temperature of −50 °C with a thermoelectric cooler (TEC). The TEC is driven by a constant current buck converter with an H-bridge topology for bidirectional current control. The packaging of the CCD imposes a maximum time rate of change of temperature of 5 K/min. A cascaded software control loop (discussed here) was developed that constrains this time rate of change within allowable bounds while simultaneously driving the CCD temperature to a desired setpoint. Criteria for sizing a TEC to the application and initial laboratory results are discussed, as well as digital filtering methods employed and possible solutions to integral wind-up

Omkostningsberegning ved fremstilling af nye kødprodukter i BerryMeat

A brief calculation of the extra costs when using herbs & berries in the 2 new organic meat-products developed in BerryMeat

Studies of the structure and growth mode of dotriacontane films by synchrotron x-ray scattering and molecular dynamics simulations

doi: 10.1088/0953-8984/16/29/005We report on synchrotron x-ray scattering experiments and molecular dynamics simulations of the structure and growth mode of dotriacontane (n-C32H66 or C32) films adsorbed on Ag(111) and SiO2-coated Si(100) substrates. On the SiO2 surface, the x-ray measurements confirm a structural model of the solid film inferred from high-resolution ellipsometry measurements in which one or two layers of C32 adsorb with the long axis of the molecule oriented parallel to the interface followed by a monolayer in which the molecules have a perpendicular orientation. At higher C32 coverages, preferentially oriented bulk particles nucleate, consistent with a Stranski-Krastanov growth mode. On the Ag(111) surface, we again observe one or two layers of the 'parallel' film but no evidence of the perpendicular monolayer before nucleation of the preferentially oriented bulk particles. We compare the experimentally observed structures with molecular dynamics simulations of a multilayer film of the homologous C24 molecule.This work was support by US National Science Foundation under Grant Nos. DMR-9802476 and DMR-0109057. The Midwest Universities Collaborative Access Team (MUCAT) sector at the Advanced Photon Source (APS) is supported by the US Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences (BES), through Ames Laboratory under ContractNo.W-7405-Eng-82. Use of the APS was supported by the DOE BES under Contract No. W-31-109-ENG-38